The Ancient Middle Classes: Urban Life and Aesthetics in the Roman Empire, 100 BCE-250 CEOur image of the Roman world is shaped by the writings of Roman statesmen and upper class intellectuals. Yet most of the material evidence we have from Roman times art, architecture, and household artifacts from Pompeii and elsewhere belonged to, and was made for, artisans, merchants, and professionals. Roman culture as we have seen it with our own eyes, Emanuel Mayer boldly argues, turns out to be distinctly middle class and requires a radically new