Apostles of ModernityBetween 1830 and 1870, French army officers serving in the colonial Offices of Arab Affairs profoundly altered the course of political decision making in Algeria. Guided by the modernizing ideologies of the Saint Simonian school in their development and implementation of colonial policy, the officers articulated a new doctrine and framework for governing the Muslim and European populations of Algeria. Apostles of Modernity shows the evolution of this