Chinese Immigrants, African Americans, and Racial Anxiety in the United States, 1848-82The Chinese question and the Negro problem were bound up with one another in nineteenth century America. Indeed, the negative stereotypes, exclusionary laws, and incendiary rhetoric employed against both populations bore striking similarities. Najia Aarim Heriot forcefully demonstrates that the anti Chinese sentiment behind the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is inseparable from the racial double standards applied by mainstream white